![]() In particular, the full potential of fast active electro-optic routing and rotation of polarized photons in integrated quantum circuits has not yet been fully harnessed, despite the successes with tunable couplers ( 20) and voltage-controlled phase shifters ( 16, 21). By contrast, the development of integrated photonic devices based on second-order nonlinearities ( 16– 19) has fallen far behind, despite the fact that exploiting χ (2) nonlinearities is much more efficient. Most of these circuits are realized in χ (3) materials such as glass ( 10), silicon nitride ( 11), silicon-on-insulator ( 12), and silica-on-silicon ( 13– 15). In the past decade, many optical circuits for quantum gates ( 1, 2), quantum interference ( 3), quantum metrology ( 4), boson sampling ( 5– 7), and quantum walks ( 8, 9) in different materials have been demonstrated. Our experiment reveals that we have full flexible control over single-qubit operations by harnessing the complete potential of fast on-chip electro-optic modulation.įor the future deployment of practical quantum communication and information systems, advanced integrated quantum devices should comprise several sections: quantum state generation, path, power, and/or polarization routing, as well as phase or polarization manipulation, temporal and spectral synchronization, and ultimately also detection. ![]() Our chip not only enables the deliberate manipulation of photonic states by rotating the polarization but also provides precise time control. As an example, we demonstrate Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with a visibility of more than 93 ± 1.8%. Here, we demonstrate an electro-optic device, including photon pair generation, propagation, electro-optical path routing, as well as a voltage-controllable time delay of up to ~12 ps on a single Ti:LiNbO 3 waveguide chip. Although substantial progress for various applications has already been demonstrated on different platforms, the range of diversified manipulation of photonic states on demand on a single chip has remained limited, especially dynamic time management. Future quantum computation and networks require scalable monolithic circuits, which incorporate various advanced functionalities on a single physical substrate.
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